Romanian Fighter Jets - The IAR 99 Șoim (Hawk) is an advanced trainer and light attack aircraft capable of performing close air support and reconnaissance missions. The IAR 99 replaced the Aero L-29 Delfin and Aero L-39 Albatros as the Romanian Air Force's jet trainer. The aircraft is a semi-monocoque design, with tapered wings and a swept tail. A large blade-type antenna that fits under the nose on the side of the fuselage gives the IAR 99 trainer a distinctive appearance.
The design of the aircraft began in 1975 and it will be the first aircraft trainer designed and built entirely in Romania. In 1979, funds were approved for the construction of the first coach by I.Av. Craiova where the IAR 93 attack aircraft was built. The prototype (S-001) flew on December 21, 1985 with Lieutenant General Vagner Ștefănel in command.
Romanian Fighter Jets
The aircraft was mass produced in 1987 with 17 delivered to the Romanian Air Force in 1989. Two were lost in 1990 (numbers 710 and 714).
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In 1990, the decline of the Eastern Group created new export opportunities for aircraft, but while the aircraft had excellent aerodynamics and handling qualities, it was left behind in its class because of its outdated avionics, upgrading became a priority.
The first attempt at upgrading was made in 1990 by I.Av.Craiova in collaboration with the Texas Jaffe Aircraft Corporation. Aircraft 708 and 709
Has been modified by installing Honeywell avionics, while the canopy has been replaced with a two-piece design instead of the original. This change will be maintained for all future aircraft. The 708 made its first flight on August 8, 1990, followed by the 709 on August 22. The aircraft was displayed at the 1990 Farnborough Airshow, a proposal for the US Joint Primary Aircraft Training System program, although this work was not ordered. In 1991, aircraft number 712 was equipped with Collins avionics and participated in an exhibition in Ankara, Turkey.
In 1996, the IAR 99 upgrade program was relaunched by the need for a master trainer for the upgraded MiG-21 Lancer. The Israeli company Elbit was chosen as the integrator. The avionics package is compatible with the fifth-generation fighter system and is inspired by the upgraded MiG-21 Lancer but adapted to the requirements of the IAR 99. The first upgraded IAR 99 aircraft is production 18 (number 718), which first flew in May. 22, 1997.
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On August 6, 1998, the Romanian government approved the entry into production of one aircraft of the 24 IAR upgrade program. -99 Șoim, of which 4 will be delivered in 2001. The Romanian Ministry of Defense signed the The contract for the use of 24 aircraft in April. 20, 2000, reducing that number to 12 on December 14, 2000.
Only seven will be newly built (numbers 719-725) and 5 modified from the existing IAR 99 (numbers 709, 711, 712, 713, 717). These were exported between 2003 and 2008,
Therefore, the Romanian Air Force will have 12 IAR 99 C Șoim (upgraded) and 11 IAR 99 Standard, 7003 remaining with Avioane Craiova SA as a demonstration aircraft.
An updated version of IAR 99 called IAR 99 TD is under development. A single airframe will be built with avionics, engines and radar. Leonardo Vix 500E
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The radar was selected and requires an extension of the nose of 900mm. A new engine that supports computer control is needed to replace the Rolls-Royce Viper that was designed in 1951. In turn, this will require double the air intake.
They were awarded a contract to upgrade the remaining 10 airframes to the IAR 99 standard in service with the Romanian Air Force.
The aircraft has a tandem cockpit with two Martin-Baker Mk 10 seats. The rear instructor's seat is raised 35 cm to provide better visibility. The canopy was built in one piece (prototypes and aircraft 701-707), later changed to a two-piece canopy, both open to the starboard panel.
The cockpit has HOTAS controls and an LCD screen (Liquid Crystal Display). Both pilots and instructors are equipped with the DASH Display and Sight helmet which is currently used in the MiG 21 Lancer. The helmet directs the on-board weapon system to the pilot's line of sight. The visor display confirms that target acquisition has been completed. The visor also displays information from the HUD (Head-Up Display). Flight and navigation information is displayed on the HUD, on the headset DASH and MFDC (color multifunction display) .
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Elbit provides advanced aircraft avionics packages installed on the MIL-STD-1553B data bus. The advanced space suite, including communications, navigation, identification systems and cockpit layout, is similar to the MiG 21 LanceR and F-16 fighter jets. IAR 99 also has a video and description system.
The communication system includes VHF and UHF communication, voice activated intercom and IFF transponder. Flight systems include VOR/ILS, VHF omnidirectional ranger radio connected to the instrument landing system. Other navigation tools include a distance measuring device (DME), automatic direction finder (ADF), Northrop Grumman inertial navigation system and Trimble GPS system.
One of the best features of the aircraft's avionics is the virtual training system that allows, based on the data link system, the simulation of the flight of gunnery and the ability to fight in the air at the airframe. using two or more aircraft.
The IAR 99 electronic warfare kit is based on an Elisra Electronic Systems radar warning receiver and electronic countermeasures module along with a chaff spreader and flare decoy. The system is integrated through the data bus 1553. The radar warning receiver detects threats Doppler, pulse and continuous waves and provides threat identification by comparing signal characteristics with the threat database.
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IAR 99, number 7003, landed in 2006. Noticed under the cockpit, a white bird logo superimposed over "Swift" in yellow.
Aircraft number 7003 is equipped with HOTAS (Hands On Throttle and Stick) controls in both cockpits, wide angle HUD (Head-Up Display) with side control panel in the forward cockpit, two 3-inch screens in both cockpits, ring. Inertial navigation system (INS) with laser gyroscope, as well as the integration of Eastern and Western weapon systems in the aircraft. The aircraft was presented at the Paris Air Show in 1993
Was blocked in Parliament, due to cooperation with IAI. The aircraft was converted back to standard configuration and sent to cter for research and flight testing (CCIZ). In late 2009, it was indicated that this type of aircraft would be retired after this date by the Air Force. Romania.
At the same time, steps were taken to expedite the purchase of 32 F-16 fighter jets from Norway.
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The next generation of F-16s will be used in the training of two more aircraft of the Romanian Air Force.
The bill approving the purchase is being confirmed and will be submitted to the Romanian Parliament as soon as possible.
"According to the decision of the Supreme National Defense Council that approved the memorandum on the lifting To retire the MiG-21 LanceR and to replace it with the F-16 at an accelerated pace, aviation activities involving the MiG-21 LanceR have been blacked out. It has been going on since last Monday, May 23, for about a year,"
In March, the president announced that Romania should increase its defense spending to 2.5% of gross domestic product. Romania, which joined NATO in 2004, said it plans to spend 9.8 billion euros by 2026 to boost its capabilities. defense of his country.
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In 2013, the Romanian Ministry of Defense signed a contract to supply the first 12 F-16 fighter jets to the Portuguese Air Force to Replace the obsolete MiG-21. The aircraft were delivered from September 2016 to September 2017. In December 2019, a contract worth 130 euros was signed for the supply of five more combat aircraft. The first pair of planes arrived in Romania in August 2020 and the fifth in March 2021.
At the end of December 2021, the Romanian Parliament gave the initial authorization to the Ministry of Defense to start The procurement of 32 F-16 fighter jets from the Norwegian Air Force, as well as a package of equipment and services for modernization of the Air Force. United States. State. The purchase budget is about 454 euros. The initial cost of the aircraft is estimated at 354 million euros, logistical support and the provision of special equipment for the modernization of the United States - 100 million euros.
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